Patella femoral instability can be either primary or
secondary. Primary instability is occurs during a traumatic dislocation and
results in a tearing of the medial patellofemoral ligament. Secondary
instability may occur after a primary dislocation and is similar in nature to
patellofemoral pain but tends to be associated with small deviations where the
knee cap feels like it is slipping. These episodes can become worse with increasing activity. Secondary instability is normally managed
in a similar way to patellofemoral pain. The physiotherapy objective with this
condition is to reduce swelling and improve muscle control around the knee to
reduce the likelihood of further episodes.